Framework definitely is near the beginning of their fight against the sort of mass planned obsolescence we have today. It's also true that modular and repairable laptops, alone, aren't a panacea. Honestly, the entire way we, as a culture, think about the creation and use of technology needs to diametrically shift.
But they are doing well so far at presenting a specific class of users a devices that suits very well to a general set of needs. And what's more, their Framework 16 does have a dedicated GPU! It's even removable, allowing the form factor and weight of the laptop to change based upon use needs. There is some contention with it, since their GPU is an AMD model rather than the current front-runner of NVIDIA, but I'm personally fine with that. That said, I've read a lot of extremely positive reviews, so it seems like the device is panning out well. For my own needs, the Framework 13 is more than powerful enough as an on-the-go device.
I don't see any reason why one couldn't plug an eGPU into either of the Frameworks, though.